{"id":4481,"date":"2021-02-03T20:34:46","date_gmt":"2021-02-03T20:34:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/climb-lutheran.org\/?p=4481"},"modified":"2021-02-05T01:24:25","modified_gmt":"2021-02-05T01:24:25","slug":"clauses","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/climb-lutheran.org\/?p=4481","title":{"rendered":"Clauses"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<style>\ntable {\n  width:50%;\n}\ntable, th, td {\n  border: 1px solid black;\n  border-collapse: collapse;\n}\nth, td {\n  padding: 5px;\n  text-align: left;\n}\n#t01 tr:nth-child(even) {\n  background-color: #ccc;\n}\n#t01 tr:nth-child(odd) {\n background-color: #fff;\n}\n#t01 th {\n  background-color: white;\n  color: black;\n}\n<\/style>\n\n\n<a href=\"https:\/\/climb-lutheran.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/latin-clause-2-1.pdf\" class=\"pdfemb-viewer\" style=\"\" data-width=\"max\" data-height=\"max\"  data-toolbar=\"bottom\" data-toolbar-fixed=\"off\">latin-clause-2-1<br\/><\/a>\n<p class=\"wp-block-pdfemb-pdf-embedder-viewer\"><\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"p1\">1. adjectival clause, p. 84 3<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">2. adverbial clause, p. 68 4<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">2a. Concessive clause <span class=\"s1\">\u8ba9\u6b65\u4ece\u53e5<\/span> 4<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">2b. Conditional clause 4<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">Unattainable Wishes: contrafactual conditional clause 5<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">2c Temporal Clause 5<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">2d Donec and dum clauses 5<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">2e Purpose: 5<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">2f. Result Clauses 7<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">2g Causal Clause 7<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">2h adverbial accusative 7<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">3. substantive clause, p. 68 8<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">3a subject: 8<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">3b object clause 8<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">3c Substantive clause of result, p. 197 8<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">a. cum clauses 9<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">c. ut clause 9<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">d. ubi clause 10<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">e. indirect command 10<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">f. Subjunctive Clause (p. 163-164) subjunctive 10<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">f. 1. Subjunctive main: 10<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">f.2. Subjunctive Clause: 10<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">f.3. \/ 2f. Result Clauses 11<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">f.4. indirect question 11<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">f.6. \/ 2b2. subjunctive<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0 <\/span>Conditional Clause 12<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">f.7. Indirect Command 12<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">f.8 \/ 1c characterizing relative p. 197 13<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">f.9. Clause of Fearing 13<\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\"><b>Clause<\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><b>1. adjectival clause, p. 84<\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">1a. Relatival Pronoun (p. 84)<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">Deus, quem in psalmis laudamus, est bonus.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">God, whom we praise in psalms, is good.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">Beati, qui in via Domini ambulant.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">[Those] who walk in the way of the Lord [are] blessed.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">quicumque, quaecumque, quodcumque: whichever, whoever, whatever<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">quocum: with whom<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">quibuscum: with whom<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">Qui quoniam \u2026: And because they \u2026<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">quem propter: on account of which\/whom<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">1b. Conditional Relative Clause (p. 276)<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">Qui vicinum diligit, me diligit.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">He who loves his neighbor, loves me.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">Quocumque ieris, sequar.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">Wherever you go, I will follow.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">1c characterizing relative p. 197<\/p>\n<p class=\"p7\"><span class=\"s2\">subjunctive<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p8\">\u6cdb\u6307\u7684\u3001\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\u3001\u7591\u95ee\u6027\u7684\u3001\u6216\u5426\u5b9a\u6027\u7684<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">est qui: there is one who &#8230;<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">quis est qui: who is there who \u2026<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">nemo est qui: there is no one who \u2026<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">est dignus\/indignus qui: there is one who is worthy to &#8230;<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">Paulus est qui in viis Domini ambulat.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">Paul is who walks in the ways of the Lord.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">Paulus est qui in viis Domini ambulet. (subj.)<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">Paul is (the sort) who would walk in the ways of the Lord.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">Petrus erat dignus qui apostolos duceret.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">Peter was (the sort) worthy to lead the apostles.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">1d Connective Relative p. 84<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">Discipuli in domum veniebant. Qui cum laetitia Jesum audiebant.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">The disciples were coming into the house. And they were gladly listening to Jesus.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">1e \/ 2e2. relative: adjectival clause<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">qui, quae, quod: who, in order that, to,<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">ubi: where, in order that, to<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">in order that \u2026 may (might)<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">Paulus quattuor diaconos misit, qui Petrum viderent.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">Paul sent the four deacons who might see Peter.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">1f \/ 2f2. Relative:<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">qui, quae, quod<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">Deus mundum sic dilexit, qui Filium mitteret.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">God so loved the world that he sent his Son.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><b>2. adverbial clause, p. 68<\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">temporal, concessive, conditional, and causal clauses<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><b>2a. Concessive clause <\/b><span class=\"s3\"><b>\u8ba9\u6b65\u4ece\u53e5<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">etsi: although, even if;<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">licet: although<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">quamquam: although<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">quum: although<\/p>\n<p class=\"p7\"><span class=\"s4\">cum:\u00a0<\/span> <span class=\"s2\">subjunctive <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">Cum viri male haberent, laborare (tamen)non desierunt.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">Although the men were sick, (nevertheless) they did not stop working.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><b>2b. Conditional clause<\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">2b1. simple<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">2b1.1. present<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">si: if<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">nisi: if not = si \u2026 non<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">Si Dominum invocamus, nos audit.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">If we call upon the Lord, He hears us.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">Si abit \u2026 If he leaves \u2026<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">Si abibat \u2026 If he was leaving \u2026<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">Si abiit \u2026 If he left \u2026<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">Si abierat \u2026 If he had left \u2026<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">Quicumque abiit \u2026 Whoever left \u2026<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">2b1.2. past<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">2b1.3. future [more vivid]<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">more certain, or command<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">if \u2026 does, (then) will do.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">indicative tense: future or the future-perfect tense<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">Si Petrus venerit, cum Paulo cenet!<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">If Peter will come, let him dine with Paul!<\/p>\n<p class=\"p7\"><span class=\"s4\">2b2. <\/span><span class=\"s2\">subjunctive<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">2b2.1. future [less vivid]<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\">present <span class=\"s2\">subjunctive<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">if \u2026 then <b><i>should\/would<\/i><\/b> do<span class=\"s6\">\uff0c<\/span>(then) \u2026 does \/ would do \u2026.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">Si Petrus domum intret, fratres orantes videat.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">If Peter should enter the house, he would see his brothers praying.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">2b3 Present Contrafactual Conditional Clause p. 204<\/p>\n<p class=\"p7\"><span class=\"s4\">imperfect <\/span><span class=\"s2\">subjunctive<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">Si Paulus esset hic, felices essemus.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">If Paul <b><i>were\/would be<\/i><\/b> here, we would be happy.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">2b4 Past Contrafactual Conditional Clause p. 214<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\"><b><i>had \u2026, would have \u2026<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">pluperfect <span class=\"s7\">subjunctive<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">Si Paulus fuisset hic, felices fuissemus.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">If Paul had been here, we would have been happy.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p7\"><span class=\"s4\">imperfect <\/span><span class=\"s2\">subjunctive<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">Nisi Filius Dei in mundum missus esset, salvi non facti.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">If the Son of God had not been sent into the world, (we) would not have been saved.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><b>Unattainable Wishes: contrafactual conditional clause<\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">utinam: Would that \u2026 were or I wish that \u2026 were<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">Sed utinam vicissim audirent adversarii, querelas ecclesiarum et piarum mentium!<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">But would that again the opponents might hear the complaints of churches and of the pious minds. (BOC p. 442)<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><b>2c Temporal Clause<\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">priusquam, antequam: before<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">cum, ubi, ut: when;<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">cum: after;<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">cum: when<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">donec: while, as long as, until<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">dum: while, as long as, until<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">postquam: after<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">quando, simul atque (ac), simulac, simulatque: as soon as,<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">ubi: as soon as,<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">ut: as<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><b>2d Donec and dum clauses<\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">Contemporaneity: <span class=\"s3\">\u540c\u65f6\u95f4<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">expectancy: <span class=\"s3\">\u671f\u76fc<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">Donec (dum) Paulus rediit, fratres erant maesti.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">Until Paul returned, his brothers were sad.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">Donec (dum) vita est, spes est.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">As long as there is life, there is hope.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><b>2e Purpose: <\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"p7\"><span class=\"s2\">subjunctive<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">2e1. adverbial (most)<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">ut: in order that \u2026 may (might)<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">ne: in order that \u2026 may (might) not<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0 \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">Paulus in domum intrat <b>ut<\/b> Petrum videat.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">Paul enters the house in order that he may see Peter.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">Jesus in domum intravit <b>ne<\/b> a turba videatur.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">Jesus has entered the house in order that he may <b>not<\/b> be seen by the crowd.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">1e \/ 2e2. relative: adjectival clause<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">qui, quae, quod: who, in order that, to,<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">ubi: where, in order that, to<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">in order that \u2026 may (might)<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">Paulus quattuor diaconos misit, qui Petrum viderent.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">Paul sent the four deacons who might see Peter.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">2e4. Ablative Absolute<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">with sth. done,&#8230;<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">other purpose expressions:<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">a. in or ad + acc.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">In remissionem peccatorum.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">For (the purpose of) the remission of sins.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">[in + abl.: in]<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">Ad majorem Dei gloriam.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">For the greater glory of God<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">b. Gerund or Gerundive: ad + acc. or causa + gen.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">ad infirmos sanandos: to heal the sick<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">ad infirmos sanandum: to heal the sick<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">infirmos sanandi causa: to heal the sick (for the sake of the sick to-be-healed)<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">c. Infinitive of Purpose<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">Paulus Romam venit Petrum videre.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">Paul came to Rome to see Peter.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">d. pesent or future participles (adv. phrase: translated as clause)<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">Vir venit audiens de Jesu.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">The man came to hear about Jesus. (The man came hearing about Jesus)<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">Visurus Petrum, in domum introivit.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">He entered the house to see Peter. (Abut to see Peter, he entered in the house.)<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">e. dative or double dative: for the purpose to somebody<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">Hic odio me habet.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">This man holds me for the purpose of hatred. (This man hates me.)<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">Hic odio mihi habet.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">This man holds to me for the hatred. (This man hates me.)<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><b>2f. Result Clauses<\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">Result: <span class=\"s8\">Tanta<\/span> fecit <span class=\"s8\">ut<\/span> urbem servaret. [He did <span class=\"s8\">so great that <\/span>he <span class=\"s8\">saved<\/span> the city.]<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">Purpose: Haec fecit <span class=\"s8\">ut<\/span> urbem servaret. [He did this <span class=\"s8\">in order that<\/span> he <span class=\"s8\">might<\/span> <span class=\"s8\">save<\/span> the city.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p10\">subjunctive<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">talis, tale: such, of such a sort<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">tantus, tantua, tantum: so, so great<\/p>\n<table class=\"t1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"td1\" valign=\"top\">\u00a0<\/td>\n<td class=\"td2\" valign=\"top\">\n<p class=\"p5\">adv<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"td1\" valign=\"top\">\n<p class=\"p5\">adj<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"td2\" valign=\"top\">\n<p class=\"p5\">verb<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"td3\" valign=\"top\">\n<p class=\"p5\">ita<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"td4\" valign=\"top\">\n<p class=\"p12\">P<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"td5\" valign=\"top\">\n<p class=\"p12\">P<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"td4\" valign=\"top\">\n<p class=\"p12\">P<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"td3\" valign=\"top\">\n<p class=\"p5\">sic<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"td6\" valign=\"top\">\u00a0<\/td>\n<td class=\"td7\" valign=\"top\">\u00a0<\/td>\n<td class=\"td6\" valign=\"top\">\n<p class=\"p12\">P<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"td3\" valign=\"top\">\n<p class=\"p5\">tam<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"td4\" valign=\"top\">\n<p class=\"p12\">P<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"td5\" valign=\"top\">\n<p class=\"p12\">P<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"td4\" valign=\"top\">\u00a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p class=\"p5\">ita: so thus, in this way (<span class=\"s3\">\u4fee\u9970\uff1a<\/span>adv<span class=\"s3\">\u3001<\/span>adj<span class=\"s3\">\u3001<\/span>verb<span class=\"s6\">\uff09<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">sic: so, thus (<span class=\"s3\">\u4fee\u9970\uff1a<\/span>verb<span class=\"s6\">\uff09<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">tam: so to such a degree (<span class=\"s3\">\u4fee\u9970\uff1a<\/span>adv<span class=\"s3\">\u3001<\/span>adj<span class=\"s6\">\uff09<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">2f1. Adverbial: ut<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">Deus mundum sic dilexit, ut Filium nobis daret.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">God so loved the world that he gave us his Son.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">1f \/ 2f2. Relative: qui, quae, quod<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">Deus mundum sic dilexit, qui Filium mitteret.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">God so loved the world that he sent his Son.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">2f3 Notes:<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">1. facere, efficere, or the like: see to it, bring it about<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">Deus effecit ut hebraei mare transirent.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">God saw to it (brought it about) that the Hebrews crossed the sea.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">2. volo:<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">Vultis respondeam?<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">Do you wish that I answer?<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><b>2g Causal Clause<\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">quia, quod, quoniam, quando: because<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">Dominum laudamus, quia (quod, quoniam) sanctus est.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">We praise the Lord, because He is holy.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p7\"><span class=\"s4\">cum: since <\/span><span class=\"s2\">subjunctive\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><b>2h adverbial accusative<\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">[ut] quid: as to what, why<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">nihil: as to nothing, not at all<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">quod si: as to which if, but if<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">quod nisi: as to which unless, but unless<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">omnia: as to all things, in all respects<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">Quid in civitatem inierunt?<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">Why did they go into the city?<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">Illi legem nihil faciunt.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">Those poeple do not keep the law at all.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">Quod si Patrem invocaveritis, vos audiet.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">But if you call upon the Father, he will hear you.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">Semper gaudeo, quoniam omnia fideles remanetis.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">Always I rejoice because in all respects you may remain faithful.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><b>3. substantive clause, p. 68 <\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">noun clause: nominative or accusative clause<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><b>3a subject: <\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">impersonal clause<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">auditur: it is heard<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">contigit: It happened<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">convenit: it is fitting<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">decet: it is proper<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">dicitur: it is said<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">licet: it is permitted<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">paenitet: it is sorry<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">piget: it is dislike<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">placet: it is pleasing<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">videtur: it seems good<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">oportet: it is proper<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">necesse est: it is necessary<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">cenatum est: it was dined = there was dining<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">ventum est: it was come = there was coming<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">factum est: it happened that, it came to pass that<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">Factum est autem cum haec diceret, \u2026<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">And it happened that when he was saying these things, \u2026<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><b>3b object clause<\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">indirect statement<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><b>3c Substantive clause of result, p. 197<\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"p13\">facere, efficere: see to it, bring it about<\/p>\n<p class=\"p13\">Deus effecit ut Hebraei mare transirent.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p13\">God saw to it (brought it about) that the Hebews crossed the sea.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">Et si quid <span class=\"s8\">faceremus<\/span>, tamen <span class=\"s8\">sentiendum est<\/span>, quod non propter illa opera, sed propter Christum mediatorem et propitiatorem consequimur remissionem peccatorum.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">And if we had done anything, evertheless it must be perceived that we obtain remission of sins not because of that works, but because of Christ the mediator and propitatior.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><b>a. cum clauses<\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">a.0. + abl. or. pron.: with<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">a.1. temporal<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">when<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">Cum Jesus surrexit, apostoli erant laeti.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">When Jesus resurrected, the apostles were joyful.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">a.2. temporal-circumstantial <span class=\"s6\">\uff08\u72b6\u6001\u4ece\u53e5\uff09<\/span>: <span class=\"s7\">subjunctive<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">when<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">Cum Jesus turbam doceret, quidam eum accessit.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">(Under the circumstances) when Jesus was teaching the crowd, a certain man approached him.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">a.3. Causal: <span class=\"s3\">\u539f\u56e0<\/span> <span class=\"s7\">subjunctive<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">since<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">Cum vir esset felix, prae gaudio clamavit.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">Since the man was happy, he shouted for joy.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">a.4. concessive: <span class=\"s7\">subjunctive<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">although<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">Cum viri male haberent, laborare (<span class=\"s8\">tamen<\/span>) non desierunt.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">Although the men were sick, (<span class=\"s8\">nevertheless<\/span>) they did not stop working.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">a.5. cum \u2026 tum \u2026: not only \u2026. but also \u2026<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">Cum ad illum locum venerant, tum amicos contulerant.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">Not only had they come to that place, but they had also brought their friends.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">OR<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">When they had come to that place, they had brought their friends.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><b>c. ut clause<\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">c.1. Temporal: as, when<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">c.2. Purpose: <span class=\"s7\">subjunctive<\/span> in order that<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">Purpose: Haec fecit <span class=\"s8\">ut<\/span> urbem servaret. [He did this <span class=\"s8\">in order that<\/span> he <span class=\"s8\">might<\/span> <span class=\"s8\">save<\/span> the city.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">c.3. Result: <span class=\"s7\">subjunctive<\/span> that<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">Result: <span class=\"s8\">Tanta<\/span> fecit <span class=\"s8\">ut<\/span> urbem servaret. [He did <span class=\"s8\">so great that <\/span>he <span class=\"s8\">saved<\/span> the city.]<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">c.4. indirect command: <span class=\"s7\">subjunctive<\/span><span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0 <\/span>that<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">Imperat vobis ut hoc faciatis. He commands you to do this.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">c.5. Fearing:<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0 <\/span><span class=\"s7\">subjunctive<\/span> lest, that not<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">Paulus <span class=\"s8\">timuit<\/span> <span class=\"s8\">ut <\/span>Corinthii essent fideles. (ut: negative)<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">Paul feared that the Corinthians were not being faithful.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><b>d. ubi clause<\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">d.1. Temporal: as soon as<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">d.2. Relative adj:<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0 <\/span>where, in order that, to<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><b>e. indirect command<\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">after asking or ordering verbs<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">e.1. present or imperfect <span class=\"s7\">subjunctive<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">Deprecemur Deum ut peccata nostra nobis dimittat.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">Let us beseech God to forgive us our sins.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">Deum oramus ne deficiamus.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">We pray God that we not fail.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">e.2. accusative + inf.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">double accusative<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">Diaconus jussit populum orare.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">The deacon bade the people to pray.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><b>f. Subjunctive Clause (p. 163-164) <\/b><span class=\"s7\"><b>subjunctive<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">by ut or utinam<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\"><span class=\"s3\">\u5426\u5b9a\u5f0f\uff1a<\/span> ne or non<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><b>f. 1. Subjunctive main: <\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"p8\">\u4e3b\u8981\uff08\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u7684\uff09\u52a8\u8bcd\u662f<span class=\"s9\">Subjunctive<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">Jussive <span class=\"s3\">\u7948\u613f<\/span> (to order, to ask)<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">Order: you should do<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">Semper speres.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">You should always hope.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">Ask: Let us \u2026, Let him \u2026<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">Ne id faciamus.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">Let us not do this.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">Doceamus magna cum delectatione linguam Latinam.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">Let us teach the Latin language with great delight.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><b>f.2. Subjunctive Clause:<\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">f.2.1 \/ 2e Purpose:<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">2e1. adverbial (most)<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">ut: in order that \u2026 may (might)<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">ne: in order that \u2026 may (might) not<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0 \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">Paulus in domum intrat <b>ut<\/b> Petrum videat.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">Paul enters the house in order that he may see Peter.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">Jesus in domum intravit <b>ne<\/b> a turba videatur.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">Jesus has entered the house in order that he may <b>not<\/b> be seen by the crowd.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">1e \/ 2e2. relative: adjectival clause<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">qui, quae, quod: who, in order that, to,<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">ubi: where, in order that, to<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">in order that \u2026 may (might)<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">Paulus quattuor diaconos misit, qui Petrum viderent.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">Paul sent the four deacons who might see Peter.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><b>f.3. \/ 2f. Result Clauses<\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">Result: <span class=\"s8\">Tanta<\/span> fecit <span class=\"s8\">ut<\/span> urbem servaret. [He did <span class=\"s8\">so great that <\/span>he <span class=\"s8\">saved<\/span> the city.]<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">Purpose: Haec fecit <span class=\"s8\">ut<\/span> urbem servaret. [He did this <span class=\"s8\">in order that<\/span> he <span class=\"s8\">might<\/span> <span class=\"s8\">save<\/span> the city.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">talis, tale: such, of such a sort<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">tantus, tantua, tantum: so, so great<\/p>\n<table class=\"t1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"td1\" valign=\"top\">\u00a0<\/td>\n<td class=\"td2\" valign=\"top\">\n<p class=\"p5\">adv<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"td1\" valign=\"top\">\n<p class=\"p5\">adj<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"td2\" valign=\"top\">\n<p class=\"p5\">verb<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"td3\" valign=\"top\">\n<p class=\"p5\">ita<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"td4\" valign=\"top\">\n<p class=\"p12\">P<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"td5\" valign=\"top\">\n<p class=\"p12\">P<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"td4\" valign=\"top\">\n<p class=\"p12\">P<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"td3\" valign=\"top\">\n<p class=\"p5\">sic<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"td6\" valign=\"top\">\u00a0<\/td>\n<td class=\"td7\" valign=\"top\">\u00a0<\/td>\n<td class=\"td6\" valign=\"top\">\n<p class=\"p12\">P<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"td3\" valign=\"top\">\n<p class=\"p5\">tam<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"td4\" valign=\"top\">\n<p class=\"p12\">P<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"td5\" valign=\"top\">\n<p class=\"p12\">P<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"td4\" valign=\"top\">\u00a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p class=\"p5\">ita: so thus, in this way (<span class=\"s3\">\u4fee\u9970\uff1a<\/span>adv<span class=\"s3\">\u3001<\/span>adj<span class=\"s3\">\u3001<\/span>verb<span class=\"s6\">\uff09<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">sic: so, thus (<span class=\"s3\">\u4fee\u9970\uff1a<\/span>verb<span class=\"s6\">\uff09<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">tam: so to such a degree (<span class=\"s3\">\u4fee\u9970\uff1a<\/span>adv<span class=\"s3\">\u3001<\/span>adj<span class=\"s6\">\uff09<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">f.3.1.\/ 2f1. Adverbial: ut<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">Deus mundum sic dilexit, ut Filium nobis daret.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">God so loved the world that he gave us his Son.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">f.3.2. \/ 1f \/ 2f2. Relative: qui, quae, quod<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">Deus mundum sic dilexit, qui Filium mitteret.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">God so loved the world that he sent his Son.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><b>f.4. indirect question<\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">use Subjunctive clause as indirect question. Don\u2019t need to translate as \u201cmay\u201d or \u201cmight\u201d.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">Direct Question: <span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0 <\/span>Quid Gaius facit? What is Gaius doing?<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">Indirect Question: Rogant quid Gaius faciat? They ask what Gaius is doing.<\/p>\n<table class=\"t1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"td8\" valign=\"top\">\n<p class=\"p14\">main verb<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"td9\" valign=\"top\">\n<p class=\"p14\">subj. clause<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"td10\" valign=\"top\">\n<p class=\"p14\">timing of clause verb<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"td11\" valign=\"top\">\n<p class=\"p14\">present or future<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"td12\" valign=\"top\">\n<p class=\"p5\">periphrastic (fut. part + esse (present. subj.))<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"td13\" valign=\"top\">\n<p class=\"p15\">\u5728\u4e3b\u52a8\u8bcd\u4e4b\u540e<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"td14\" valign=\"top\">\u00a0<\/td>\n<td class=\"td15\" valign=\"top\">\n<p class=\"p14\">present subj.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"td16\" valign=\"top\">\n<p class=\"p15\">\u5728\u4e3b\u52a8\u8bcd\u540c\u65f6\u6216\u4e4b\u540e<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"td17\" valign=\"top\">\u00a0<\/td>\n<td class=\"td18\" valign=\"top\">\n<p class=\"p14\">perf. subj.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"td19\" valign=\"top\">\n<p class=\"p15\">\u5728\u4e3b\u52a8\u8bcd\u4e4b\u524d\u53d1\u751f\u7684<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"td14\" valign=\"top\">\n<p class=\"p14\">perf. or impf.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"td15\" valign=\"top\">\n<p class=\"p5\">periphrastic (fut. impf. + esse (impf. subj.))<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"td16\" valign=\"top\">\n<p class=\"p15\">\u5728\u4e3b\u52a8\u8bcd\u4e4b\u540e<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"td11\" valign=\"top\">\u00a0<\/td>\n<td class=\"td12\" valign=\"top\">\n<p class=\"p14\">impf. subj.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"td13\" valign=\"top\">\n<p class=\"p15\">\u5728\u4e3b\u52a8\u8bcd\u540c\u65f6\u6216\u4e4b\u540e<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"td20\" valign=\"top\">\u00a0<\/td>\n<td class=\"td21\" valign=\"top\">\n<p class=\"p14\">pluperfect subj.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"td22\" valign=\"top\">\n<p class=\"p15\">\u5728\u4e3b\u52a8\u8bcd\u4e4b\u524d\u53d1\u751f\u7684<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p class=\"p5\">f.5. Proviso Clause <span class=\"s6\">\uff08\u9644\u5e26\u6761\u4ef6\u4ece\u53e5\uff09<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">Palam beatus es, <span class=\"s8\">dummodo<\/span> probitatis et obedientiae virtutem constanter retineas. (BOC p. 622)<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">Plainly you are blessed, provided that you <span class=\"s10\">may<\/span> hold firmly the virtue of uprightness and obedience.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><b>f.6. \/ 2b2. <\/b><span class=\"s7\"><b>subjunctive<\/b><\/span><b><span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0 <\/span>Conditional Clause<\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">f.6.1.\/ 2b2.1. future [less vivid]<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\">present <span class=\"s2\">subjunctive<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">if \u2026 then <b><i>should\/would<\/i><\/b> do<span class=\"s6\">\uff0c<\/span>(then) \u2026 does \/ would do \u2026.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">Si Petrus domum intret, fratres orantes videat.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">If Peter should enter the house, he would see his brothers praying.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">f.6.2.\/ 2b3 Present Contrafactual Conditional Clause p. 204<\/p>\n<p class=\"p7\"><span class=\"s4\">imperfect <\/span><span class=\"s2\">subjunctive<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">Si Paulus esset hic, felices essemus.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">If Paul <b><i>were\/would be<\/i><\/b> here, we would be happy.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">f.6.3. \/ 2b4 Past Contrafactual Conditional Clause p. 214<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\"><b><i>had \u2026, would have \u2026<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">pluperfect <span class=\"s7\">subjunctive<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">Si Paulus fuisset hic, felices fuissemus.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">If Paul had been here, we would have been happy.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p7\"><span class=\"s4\">imperfect <\/span><span class=\"s2\">subjunctive<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">Nisi Filius Dei in mundum missus esset, salvi non facti.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">If the Son of God had not been sent into the world, (we) would not have been saved.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><b>f.7. Indirect Command<\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">Jussive noun clause<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">Don\u2019t translate as may or might.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">Hoc facite. Do this<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">Imperat vobis ut hoc faciatis. He commands you to do this.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">Hortor eum ut \u2026 I urge him to do \u2026<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">Impero ei ut \u2026 I order him to do \u2026<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">Moneo eum ut \u2026 I advise him to do \u2026<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">Oro eam ut \u2026 I beg her to do \u2026<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">Persuadeo ei ut \u2026 I persude him to do \u2026<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">Peto ab eo ut \u2026 I beg from him to \u2026<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">Quaero ab ea ut \u2026 I request (from\/of) her to \u2026<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">Rogo eum ut \u2026 I ask him to \u2026<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">Malo ut \u2026 I prefer that \u2026<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><b>f.8 \/ 1c characterizing relative p. 197<\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"p7\"><span class=\"s2\">subjunctive<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p8\">\u6cdb\u6307\u7684\u3001\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\u3001\u7591\u95ee\u6027\u7684\u3001\u6216\u5426\u5b9a\u6027\u7684<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">est qui: there is one who &#8230;<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">quis est qui: who is there who \u2026<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">nemo est qui: there is no one who \u2026<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">est dignus\/indignus qui: there is one who is worthy to &#8230;<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">Paulus est qui in viis Domini ambulat.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">Paul is who walks in the ways of the Lord.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">Paulus est qui in viis Domini ambulet. (subj.)<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">Paul is (the sort) who would walk in the ways of the Lord.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">Petrus erat dignus qui apostolos duceret.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">Peter was (the sort) worthy to lead the apostles.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><b>f.9. Clause of Fearing<\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"p7\"><span class=\"s2\">subjunctive<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">Paulus <span class=\"s8\">timet<\/span> <span class=\"s8\">ne<\/span> Romani Petrum interfecturi sint. (ne: affirmative)<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">Paul fears that the Romans are going to kill Peter.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">Paulus <span class=\"s8\">timuit<\/span> <span class=\"s8\">ut <\/span>Corinthii essent fideles. (ut: negative)<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">Paul feared that the Corinthians were not being faithful.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">Quidem &#8230; vero\/autem: on the one hand &#8230; on the other hand<\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\">Et multae in ecclesia haereses ortae sunt tantum odio doctorum. Itaque non de propriis delictis, sed de alienis loquitur, quum ait: Dilectio tegit delicta, videlicet aliena, et <span class=\"s8\">quidem<\/span> inter homines, id est, etiamsi quae offensiones incidunt, tamen dilectio dissimulat, ignoscit, cedit, non agit omnia summo iure. (BOC p. 186)<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Clauses<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3331,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[47],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/climb-lutheran.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4481"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/climb-lutheran.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/climb-lutheran.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/climb-lutheran.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/climb-lutheran.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4481"}],"version-history":[{"count":14,"href":"https:\/\/climb-lutheran.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4481\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4555,"href":"https:\/\/climb-lutheran.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4481\/revisions\/4555"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/climb-lutheran.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/3331"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/climb-lutheran.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4481"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/climb-lutheran.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4481"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/climb-lutheran.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4481"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}