Case
| Abl.离格 | from/with/by/in | |
| adv. | abl. accompaniment | Cum Petro venit.
He came with Peter. |
| abl. Separation | Libera nos a malo.
Deliver us from evil. |
|
| abl. means | Gladio occisus est.
He was killed with a sword. |
|
| abl. manner | Magno cum dolore locutus est.
He spoke with great sorrow. |
|
| (gen) | abl. description | Petrus erat magna vir fide.
Peter was a man of great faith. |
| (dat) | abl. personal agency | Missa ab episcopo celebrabitur.
Mass will be celebrated by the bishop. |
| abl. Respect | Beati pauperes spiritus.
Blessed are the poor in spirit. |
|
| abl. cause (from过去)*
* dat. purpose (to将来） |
Prae gaudio clamaverunt.
They shouted for joy. |
|
| abl. absolute | Cena praeparata, pueri in domum intraverunt.
With dinner prepared, the boy entered the house. |
|
| (acc) | abl. place | In domo Petri manebant.
They were staying in Peter’s house. E domo venerunt. From house, they came. |
| (acc) | abl. time | Quinque annis hoc struxerunt.
They built this in five years. |
| (gen.) | abl. comparison | Quis est major illo?
Who is greater than that man? |
| (gen.) | abl. difference | Petrus erat multo senior quam Joannes?
Peter was much older than John? |
| cognate abl. (acc) | means: media/thing 34
manner: method/mood 35 |
Magno timore timerunt.
They feared with a great fear. |
| with adj. | Ave, Maria, gratia plena.
Hail, Mary, full of grace. |
|
| with verb. | Sacerdo ritu fungitur.
The priest is performing the ceremony. |
| Genitive | Dative 間賓 for/to | Acc. 直賓 | ||||
| basic usages | Possessor | libri puerorum books of children |
indirect Obj | Petrus mihi hoc dedit. Peter gave me this. |
Direct Obj. | Petrum vidit Paulus. Paul saw Peter. |
| Description | homines bonae voluntatis person of good will |
Reference to/against |
Deo peccavit. He sinned against God. |
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| Partitive
部分 |
satis cibi enough (of) food |
Possessor | tibi nomen your name |
cognate Acc. | vitas nostras vivimus. We live our own lives. |
|
| predicate
性质/性格 |
vir est sanae mentis the man is of sound mind |
actor of passive periphrastics by |
Hymnus nobis cantandus est. A hymn ought to be sung by us. |
predicate Acc. | Fecerunt cum papam. They made him pope. |
|
| Double | Double Genitive (Sub / Obj)
主/宾 |
dei dilectio hominum God’s love towards human beings |
Purpose for sth. to sb. double dat. |
Eritis odio eis. You will be for hatred to them. They will hate you. |
double Acc. | 1. Nos prationem docuit. He taught us the prayer. |
| Adj. | certain adj. | memor petri mindful of Peter potens daemoniorum power over demons |
certain adj. | Filius Patri similis est. The Son is like the Father. |
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| Verb. | certain verb. | misereor tui I pity you |
certain verb. |
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| Misc. Uses | with causa | Petri causa for the sake of Peter mea causa for my sake |
adv. space & time | In domum intravit. He entered the house. Romam iit. He went to Rome. Quinque dies mansit. He stayed for five days. |
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| Hebraic idiom | in saecula saeculorum forever and ever |
Adv. Acc | Quid ploas? Why are you crying? |
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| after comparatives and superlative | Petrus erat falicissimus omnium apostolorum. Peter was the happiest of all apostles. |
indirect statement | 1 Acc. (subj.) + Inf. Putaverunt Paulum esse deum. They thought Paul was a god. 2 Acc. + quod clause Dicimus Petrum quod hic est bonus. We say Peter that he is good. We say that Peter is good. |